Virtually everybody makes use of electronic mail on daily basis. Which may sound like an exaggeration, but it surely’s not removed from the reality. We glance to our inboxes for a great deal of info, and a few of it’s fairly necessary. That’s the most important purpose why electronic mail accessibility issues.
If manufacturers fail to consider electronic mail accessibility, a big proportion of their subscribers may very well be left at midnight. Not solely does an inaccessible electronic mail marginalize a few of your contacts and clients, but it surely’s additionally going to have a detrimental affect on electronic mail efficiency, model repute, and the general enterprise.
The reason being easy: If individuals have bother viewing, studying, clicking on, or understanding your electronic mail campaigns, they received’t take the actions you anticipate.
In fact, the actual purpose to deal with accessibility in electronic mail advertising and marketing is as a result of it’s the suitable factor to do. So, let’s discover this necessary matter extra. Our full information will cowl electronic mail accessibility greatest practices and design and develop campaigns for each subscriber in your record.
Desk of contents:
- What’s electronic mail accessibility?
- Why is accessibility in electronic mail advertising and marketing necessary?
- Statistics on disabilities and accessibility
- How electronic mail accessibility helps advertising and marketing efforts
- Varieties of disabilities electronic mail entrepreneurs should contemplate
- Writing accessible electronic mail copy
- Designing accessible electronic mail campaigns
- Coding accessible emails
- Display screen readers and electronic mail accessibility
- 14 electronic mail accessibility greatest practices
- Accessibility testing instruments for electronic mail advertising and marketing
- Be taught extra about electronic mail accessibility
What’s electronic mail accessibility?
Accessibility is the observe of creating issues significant and straightforward to make use of for individuals of all bodily and cognitive skills. The purpose is to let as many individuals as potential entry a useful resource. That would embody a constructing, a restroom, an occasion or exercise, an internet site, an software, or an electronic mail.
E-mail accessibility is the observe of writing, designing, and coding HTML emails that individuals can simply perceive and interact with no matter their bodily or psychological constraints. That features optimizing emails for individuals who use assistive know-how to entry the web and their electronic mail inboxes.
Bettering electronic mail accessibility is an enormous dedication. It takes effort and time. However if you’d like an efficient and inclusive electronic mail advertising and marketing program, it’s value it.
Why is accessibility in electronic mail advertising and marketing necessary?
To color an image that illustrates the significance of electronic mail accessibility, let’s put ourselves within the footwear of somebody with a incapacity…
Think about you get an electronic mail from one in every of your favourite ecommerce manufacturers. You’re excited in regards to the provide talked about within the topic line, however your pleasure fades once you open the marketing campaign.
Colour distinction points and a tiny font make it unreadable. You’re undecided the place to search out the promo code or the place it is best to click on. Faucet targets on CTAs are too small in your cell machine. You strive utilizing software program that reads the e-mail to you, and it appears like nothing however a complicated mess of garbled phrases and numbers.
That’s the type of expertise a subscriber with a imaginative and prescient impairment or different disabilities might have when senders fail to contemplate electronic mail accessibility.
Accessibility laws and requirements for electronic mail
Probably the most well-known and complete legislation linked to accessibility within the U.S. is the People with Disabilities Act (ADA). This laws protects the rights of people with disabilities, and it has been the premise for a lot of lawsuits by which companies are sued for failing to offer accessible experiences.
So, do any of the laws within the ADA apply to electronic mail advertising and marketing? The ADA turned legislation again in 1990. On the time, the web, electronic mail, and digital media weren’t on the forefront of lawmakers’ minds. There are not any particular pointers for accessible web sites, emails, or purposes.
Nonetheless, the Bureau of Web Accessibility explains that Title III of the ADA “prohibits companies from discriminating on the premise of incapacity in locations of public lodging.” Technically talking, an internet site, app, or electronic mail is also interpreted as a “place of public lodging.”
“By extension, emails may additionally fall beneath the Title III of the ADA, particularly when emails embody unique reductions, pre-sale alternatives, or different perks that aren’t out there elsewhere.” ~ Bureau of Web Accessibility
What’s extra? Transactional emails resembling order confirmations, delivery updates, and password resets, must be at all times accessible as a result of they’re greater than advertising and marketing. These communications usually include crucial info that each one your subscribers want to simply entry.
Numerous industries have their very own laws and necessities round accessibility. Try our article on electronic mail accessibility laws by trade to search out out extra.
Whereas the ADA has no direct technical steering on digital accessibility, the group liable for offering world pointers on this space is the Worldwide Net Consortium (W3C), which publishes the Net Content material Accessibility Tips (WCAG).
At the moment, manufacturers must be attempting to observe WCAG 2.2. Up to date pointers are on the best way, however WCAG 3 just isn’t anticipated to be launched for just a few years.
Statistics on disabilities and accessibility
Whereas it’s not exhausting to see why electronic mail accessibility issues, it helps to have some information and exhausting numbers that drive the purpose residence. Contemplate these accessibility statistics…
Over one billion individuals are estimated to dwell with some form of incapacity. That’s roughly 15% of the world’s inhabitants. To interrupt that down a bit additional:
- At the very least 2.2 billion individuals worldwide have some stage of imaginative and prescient impairment. About 217 million of these people have average to extreme imaginative and prescient difficulties.
- Listening to impairment is the third most reported persistent drawback among the many aged inhabitants, however 65% of individuals with listening to loss are youthful than retirement age.
- Globally, 1 in 12 males and 1 in 200 ladies expertise some stage of coloration blindness.
- Round 5-10% of the worldwide inhabitants is dyslexic.
So, in case your emails aren’t accessible, chances are you’ll be delivering a poor expertise for a good portion of your subscriber record.
E-mail accessibility research
After we surveyed entrepreneurs for the “Accessibility within the Inbox” report, greater than half of these questioned mentioned they do contemplate accessibility elements throughout electronic mail manufacturing. However additional questioning revealed that many weren’t doing practically sufficient to actually assist electronic mail accessibility.
For instance, greater than 50% of these surveyed mentioned they had been doing issues like writing brief, descriptive topic strains and retaining paragraphs brief for readability. Nonetheless, simply 14% mentioned they had been utilizing accessibility testing instruments, and fewer than 25% mentioned they had been writing alt textual content for photos.
The staff from the E-mail Markup Consortium (EMC) joined Parcel.io to conduct one other electronic mail accessibility report. They took the time to judge greater than 35,000 emails and what they discovered is a bit surprising. Outcomes present 99.9% of the HTML emails the EMC reviewed had “severe” or “crucial” accessibility points. The e-mail neighborhood can and should do higher than that. And the reality is, enhancing electronic mail accessibility doesn’t must be difficult. Because the EMC report concludes:
“From taking a look at these outcomes, it’s clear we nonetheless have a really lengthy strategy to go. There are a lot of points, nevertheless, these are repeated quite a bit so there’s not that a lot to repair. If everybody had been to repair simply the highest 5 points listed right here that may flip these outcomes round. And most of those fixes solely require very small modifications.”
~ E-mail Markup Consortium
How electronic mail accessibility helps advertising and marketing efforts
Ignoring the necessity for accessible emails is actually thoughtless for subscribers with disabilities. However it additionally means missed alternatives and potential pitfalls on your advertising and marketing efforts. Listed below are six the reason why enhancing electronic mail accessibility helps a model’s advertising and marketing technique:
1. Accessible design improves usability for everybody in your record
As a result of human-centered design is on the core of accessibility, the modifications you make — from coloration distinction to font sizes — will profit each individual in your record. They’ll all take pleasure in a fuller, richer inbox expertise, which in the end will increase your return on investing in electronic mail accessibility.
2. E-mail accessibility helps you attain extra individuals
With accessible emails, you’ll be able to attain everybody in your record, together with these with everlasting disabilities or non permanent impairments. In case your emails aren’t accessible, you’re routinely excluding a subset of your viewers and lowering your attain.
3. Accessible emails enhance engagement and retention
If subscribers can’t learn your electronic mail content material or work together along with your calls to motion (CTAs), then they actually can’t have interaction along with your emails. In addition they received’t be more likely to stick round for future emails, both. That may negatively affect your electronic mail program efficiency whereas rising your unsubscribe charge.
Discover out extra about how accessibility and electronic mail engagement are linked.
4. Following accessibility greatest practices minimizes authorized danger
The variety of web site accessibility lawsuits filed in 2022 elevated by 12% from the earlier 12 months. And there have been doubtless many extra unreported state lawsuits and demand letters with out-of-court settlements. Litigation is a severe menace to any firm not assembly the wants of its complete viewers.
However shockwaves from a lawsuit attain far past the financial harm. Even when it doesn’t have benefit, when clients hear about these instances, their opinion of your model is diminished.
5. Accessible electronic mail design separates you from rivals
If somebody will get two emails from competing manufacturers – one they’ll learn and work together with and the opposite that isn’t accessible – which electronic mail do you suppose they’ll click on on? Who do you suppose will win their enterprise?
Even when they’ve been buying out of your competitor for fairly a while, in case your accessible emails are simpler to have interaction with and perceive, they’re extra more likely to make a swap.
6. Accessibility enhances your model
Figuring out your viewers is on the coronary heart of each good advertising and marketing technique. By making your emails accessible to everybody, you’re talking on to their wants and exhibiting that you simply perceive their on a regular basis lives.
Occupied with subscribers as individuals moderately than simply contacts in a database reveals that you simply care about them and put their wants first. The Affiliation of Nationwide Advertisers (ANA) cites a examine that discovered 92% of customers need manufacturers to observe empathy. Which means creating accessible emails that present you perceive how individuals with each non permanent and everlasting impairments have interaction along with your model.
Discover out extra about add a human contact to electronic mail advertising and marketing.
Varieties of disabilities electronic mail entrepreneurs should contemplate
If you deal with accessibility, you’re accommodating a wide range of disabilities and impairments. Right here’s a listing of incapacity varieties, together with just a few methods you’ll be able to assist subscribers with these challenges when constructing your emails:
Imaginative and prescient impairments
Imaginative and prescient disabilities go far past blindness or low imaginative and prescient. In addition they embody coloration blindness and those that have sensitivities to brightness, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Imaginative and prescient impairments are the most definitely method a subscriber would have bother accessing an HTML electronic mail. For instance, astigmatism is a situation that may make it exhausting to learn emails in darkish mode.
There are numerous methods you’ll be able to enhance the e-mail expertise for individuals with impaired imaginative and prescient. That features offering applicable coloration distinction in your emails, utilizing a readable font/font dimension, and coding emails so they’re suitable with display studying software program.
Auditory impairments
Auditory disabilities embody those that are deaf or exhausting of listening to. Somebody with an auditory incapacity may need bother with the quantity of sound, frequency of sound, or phantom noises (referred to as tinnitus).
In your emails, contemplate issues like video captions and podcast transcripts.
Cognitive points
Folks with psychological limitations that have an effect on reminiscence, problem-solving, consideration, or comprehension. For instance, dyslexia is a typical cognitive situation that may affect the power to have interaction with an electronic mail.
When constructing emails, use a easy structure and presentation, keep away from technical language, embody clear directions when needed, and keep away from distracting animation.
Neurological circumstances
Folks with circumstances that have an effect on the central and peripheral nervous system — mind, spinal twine, cranial nerves, and many others. This contains issues like strokes, epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson’s illness, and mind tumors. ADD and ADHD are additionally neurological issues that will affect how subscribers have interaction with electronic mail campaigns.
Be certain that your electronic mail is straightforward to navigate, break up textual content into smaller sections, and keep away from exact actions that may be troublesome for somebody with tremors or who’s utilizing a mouth stick.
Bodily limitations
Bodily disabilities embody those that have weaknesses or limitations of motor management. It might additionally contain issues like tremors, lack of coordination, paralysis, joint issues resembling arthritis, and lacking limbs.
Make sure that your electronic mail could be simply accessed with keyboard navigation and display readers.
Speech impairments
This contains people who find themselves unable to provide speech that’s recognizable by others or by software program. Muteness and stuttering are simply two examples right here. Embody choices in your electronic mail to get in contact past a telephone name, like a contact kind, dwell chat field, or a reply-to electronic mail deal with.
The truth is, accessibility is another excuse to cease utilizing a no-reply from deal with in your campaigns.
Momentary impairments and environmental concerns
This contains a variety of things that briefly make it troublesome for individuals to devour your emails: damaged arms, lacking glasses, sluggish web speeds, utilizing a cell phone within the solar, watching video with out sound in a public house, and even utilizing Alexa or Siri.
Bear in mind, the identical people who simply devour your content material now may need eye surgical procedure or carpal tunnel in just a few weeks.
Writing accessible electronic mail copy
Accessible electronic mail copywriting helps individuals who might have cognitive, neurological, or visible impairments. However writing content material with accessibility in thoughts makes electronic mail copy simpler for all your subscribers to learn and perceive.
Keep away from writing too many lengthy, complicated sentences. That goes for paragraphs too. Massive blocks of textual content are tougher to learn. Utilizing lively voice and clear language that’s freed from jargon can be extra accessible, and it’s a greatest observe for writing general. Whereas it is determined by your audience, an Eighth-grade studying stage is taken into account accessible for 85% of most of the people.
It’s additionally useful to make use of issues like headings and subheadings in addition to bullet factors. This helps arrange content material in a logical and significant method. That makes electronic mail copywriting simpler for each individuals and assistive know-how to navigate.
Alt textual content (or different textual content) is meant to explain photos and graphics on-line. Each necessary picture in an electronic mail marketing campaign ought to have alt textual content. It might be a good suggestion to have copywriters or electronic mail advertising and marketing specialists compose alt textual content moderately than leaving it as much as builders to determine what it must be.
Listed below are some fast ideas for writing alt textual content:
- Use completely different alt textual content for every picture, even when the pictures are related. Think about how complicated it could be to somebody utilizing a display reader if all the photographs had been described the identical method.
- Don’t add picture title textual content along with alt textual content. Most display readers will learn each the title textual content and alt textual content, which doesn’t present a great listening expertise.
- Use empty alt textual content when applicable. In case your picture strictly serves a design function (like a swirl, sample, or shadow) then alt textual content might not be needed.
Designing accessible electronic mail campaigns
There’s quite a bit to contemplate once you’re designing an electronic mail with accessibility in thoughts. One of the vital essential electronic mail accessibility greatest practices includes one thing you shouldn’t do.
Any necessary info in an electronic mail must be offered as dwell textual content – not as a part of the graphic alone. That features issues like promo codes, dates and instances, or calls-to-action such because the copy on buttons. In fact, there are nonetheless methods to get the look you need utilizing dwell textual content, however chances are you’ll have to get a developer to code it.
Utilizing alt descriptions for photos in emails can be helpful as a result of the choice textual content will show when a subscriber has picture downloading turned off. Don’t neglect, Outlook usually blocks photos by default.
Different design decisions associated to textual content additionally assist electronic mail accessibility:
- Select a readable font
- San serif is often most popular for the physique copy, however high-resolution shows make a readable serif typeface much less of an issue.
- Use a big sufficient font dimension
- A minimal of 16 px is beneficial
- Make blocks of textual content left-aligned
- Centered paragraphs could be tougher to learn
- Regulate line spacing and kerning
- Letters and features which can be too shut collectively can impede readability
- Avoid utilizing coloration to convey that means
- It may very well be complicated for individuals with coloration blindness
- Display screen readers don’t interpret colours
- Use good coloration distinction between your textual content and background
- Regular textual content ought to have a distinction ratio of 4.5:1 towards the background
Acceptable coloration distinction in electronic mail design is a should for accessibility. That’s why E-mail on Acid by Sinch has accessibility options that consider distinction in marketing campaign design. A distinction ratio of 21:1 is black textual content on a white background, which is one of the best you may get. A distinction ratio of 1:1 can be like white textual content on a white background (clearly, that textual content would disappear).
Talking of white – utilizing a great quantity of white house additionally helps accessible electronic mail design. E-mail campaigns with a busy design could be distracting and complicated to subscribers with ADD/ADHD. Overusing animations may also be distracting. If they’re too intense or flashy (like a strobe impact), it may be an issue for individuals who endure from seizures or circumstances like epilepsy.
One more consideration for accessible design is darkish mode emails. When rendering in darkish mode, electronic mail purchasers invert colours in numerous methods, and that would trigger accessibility points. Discover out what we discovered in our exploration of darkish mode and electronic mail accessibility.
Coding accessible emails
Whereas your subscribers received’t see the code, there are various issues electronic mail builders can do to enhance accessibility. The reality is – a few of the practices we talked about for accessible design depend on accessible coding. For instance, builders might have to incorporate inline CSS styling that ensures there’s a minimal 16 px font dimension.
Observe: Utilizing em items to code font dimension is most popular as a result of it’s extra versatile than utilizing px. Pixels are static whereas em is relative. Right here’s a px to em converter that may assist.
A great place to begin with accessible electronic mail improvement is ensuring you embody alt textual content for photos and that you simply code bulletproof buttons with dwell textual content. Each of these steps will enhance the e-mail expertise for individuals utilizing display readers. Nonetheless, there’s way more you are able to do to code accessible emails.
Semantic HTML provides that means to your electronic mail code. That’s as a result of semantic markup precisely and intuitively describes the aspect you’re coding. That helps assistive know-how make sense out of the whole lot. For instance, utilizing both <em> or <i> will italicize textual content. However <em> would inform a display reader to emphasize a sure phrase whereas <i> would work higher for italicizing a title.
For a similar purpose, paragraph tags <p> are most popular for electronic mail accessibility over line breaks <br>, as a result of a paragraph stands for one thing whereas line breaks might solely be used for spacing.
Using h-tags (<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, and many others.) for headings and subsections can be good for electronic mail accessibility. That’s as a result of, in contrast to merely utilizing a bigger font dimension, h-tags arrange the content material in a logical method. In addition they assist subscribers utilizing assistive know-how skip between sections utilizing keyboard navigation. Each electronic mail ought to have an <h1> and just one. Then it is best to observe a logical order with sub-headings.
ARIA, which stands for Accessible Wealthy Web Purposes, is a set of attributes that assist make content material extra accessible. Whereas ARIA isn’t absolutely supported amongst electronic mail purchasers, there are some worthwhile makes use of for it.
An necessary ARIA label for electronic mail accessibility is the attribute function="presentation". When electronic mail builders set tables to function="presentation", it tells the assistive know-how (display reader) that the desk is getting used for structure functions as an alternative of for presenting information.
It makes an enormous distinction. Take heed to this video to listen to the best way a display reader interprets a desk with and with out function="presentation".
One other ARIA attribute that proves helpful to electronic mail builders is aria-hidden= "true". This may be added to cover sure parts of an electronic mail from display readers. That would embody ornamental graphics and duplicative content material that you really want the software program to skip.
For extra ideas and examples, take a look at our article on code accessible emails.
Display screen readers and electronic mail accessibility
We’ve introduced up display studying software program a number of instances on this article. For those who’re unfamiliar with the time period, display readers are assistive know-how that primarily helps individuals with imaginative and prescient issues, however individuals with cognitive or mobility challenges might use them too.
Display screen readers convert digital content material into both spoken phrase audio or Braille. Folks use keyboard navigation with desktop display readers, leaping between parts resembling headings. Cellular display readers permit for swiping and contact navigation.
Right here’s a listing of a few of widespread display readers:
- NVDA: The NVDA (Nonvisual Desktop Entry) display reader is free to obtain. Based on a WebAIM survey, it is usually one of the crucial used.
- JAWS: One other widespread choice is JAWS (Job Entry With Speech), which is a display reader from Freedom Scientific. It might additionally present Braille output.
- VoiceOver: (from Apple): For subscribers utilizing a Mac or iPhone, this proprietary display reader will doubtless be their alternative. It’s constructed into units working on iOS. Discover out extra about utilizing VoiceOver to judge accessibility.
- Talkback: (for Android): This display reader from Google is a part of its bigger Android Accessibility Suite. It has greater than 2.7 million downloads.
- Narrator: That is the default display reader in Home windows. Assistiv Labs (the software program’s developer) claims its utilization is rising. There’s been a 150% improve since 2017.
Since Android, Apple, and Microsoft provide display studying choices, you’ll be able to simply check how your emails are learn aloud by these software program options. As well as, extra individuals are starting to make use of digital assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant to entry their inboxes. Optimizing for display readers helps enhance the expertise when synthetic intelligence (AI) reads electronic mail too.
Try the next video to be taught extra about how display readers work with electronic mail:
It’s necessary to notice that display readers current content material to customers one merchandise at a time, which is totally completely different from the best way we visually devour emails. Whereas sighted subscribers can get the gist of electronic mail content material and design , these with display readers progress by means of the e-mail in steps.
They will, nevertheless, navigate extra rapidly by means of digital content material utilizing headings, web page sections, paragraphs, and “skip navigation” hyperlinks. These key variations are why it’s so necessary that your electronic mail construction and content material are designed particularly with display readers in thoughts.
14 electronic mail accessibility greatest practices
We’ve coated quite a bit in our information to date. Now, let’s go over a few of the key takeaways in a listing of electronic mail accessibility greatest practices.
- Write electronic mail topic strains, sentences, and paragraphs which can be clear and concise.
- Keep away from complicated language and complicated trade jargon.
- Use headings, subheadings, and bullet lists for higher content material group and navigation.
- Compose and add alt textual content for each necessary picture in an electronic mail marketing campaign.
- Select readable typefaces and an applicable font dimension.
- By no means place necessary info within a graphic (at all times use dwell textual content).
- Use good coloration distinction, particularly between the textual content and background (minimal 4.5:1).
- Keep away from utilizing coloration in electronic mail design to convey that means.
- Keep away from extreme and/or distracting animations.
- Embody sufficient white house for accessibility (together with padding and margin) to assist readability and comprehension.
- Code bulletproof buttons for CTAs that use dwell textual content.
- Implement semantic HTML in order that your electronic mail code has that means.
- Use h-tags for subheadings in electronic mail content material.
- Add the ARIA label function=”presentation” to tables used for electronic mail structure.
For those who accomplish all these electronic mail accessibility greatest practices, you’ll be delivering campaigns that individuals of all skills can have interaction with and luxuriate in.
There’s yet another electronic mail accessibility greatest observe we should always point out – accessibility testing. The “Accessibility within the Inbox” report discovered that practically 40% of entrepreneurs weren’t utilizing any accessibility testing instruments earlier than launching an electronic mail marketing campaign.
Following greatest practices is nice, however the one strategy to be 100% sure that you simply’ve constructed an accessible electronic mail is to check it. That’s why E-mail on Acid contains accessibility checks in our electronic mail testing platform.
Our accessibility testing device lets you:
- Preview electronic mail designs with filters representing completely different coloration deficiencies
- See how alt textual content shows with photos turned off
- Regulate and optimize text-to-background coloration distinction ratio
- Improve the accessibility of hyperlinks in your electronic mail
- See how utilizing the zoom perform impacts the expertise
- Set the e-mail title, language, and content-type for display readers
- And extra…
- Begin Your Free Trial At the moment!
There are additionally some free on-line sources that may show you how to design accessible emails. They embody a coloration distinction checker from WebAIM. The web site accessible-email.org gives free experiences and helps you regulate your code. For those who use Parcel.io for electronic mail modifying, they just lately made their Accessibility Checker free for everybody. Plus, Microsoft made its testing device, Accessibility Insights, open supply and free as effectively.
It’s not as necessary which accessibility testing instruments you utilize so long as you combine accessibility testing into your regular processes. Discover out about much more accessibility testing instruments in Mailjet’s complete comparability article.
Past instruments, contemplate speaking to actual individuals with disabilities and having them present suggestions on how they expertise your emails. Person testing at all times gives wonderful insights on enhance emails.
Be taught extra about electronic mail accessibility
E-mail on Acid takes accessibility significantly, and it’s additionally a subject I’m personally very captivated with. I had the chance to ship a presentation on electronic mail accessibility at UNSPAM in 2022. Try the video beneath:
You too can hearken to electronic mail advertising and marketing podcasts that cowl accessibility. Lately, the hosts of E-mail Einstein interviewed me on the subject.
Listed below are much more accessibility sources to discover:
Lastly, in the event you’re dedicated to electronic mail accessibility, and also you need to make your current templates and automations extra accessible, take a look at our article on conduct an electronic mail accessibility audit.
Writer: Megan Boshuyzen
Megan is a graphic designer turned electronic mail developer who’s labored on all features of electronic mail advertising and marketing. She believes good emails for good causes make a constructive distinction on the planet. Megan is presently working as an electronic mail developer for Sinch E-mail. Go to her web site and be taught extra at megbosh.com.
Writer: Megan Boshuyzen
Megan is a graphic designer turned electronic mail developer who’s labored on all features of electronic mail advertising and marketing. She believes good emails for good causes make a constructive distinction on the planet. Megan is presently working as an electronic mail developer for Sinch E-mail. Go to her web site and be taught extra at megbosh.com.
